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A geospatial mixed methods approach to assessing campus safety.

Lisle S Hites1, Matthew Fifolt, Heidi Beck

  • 1Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

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Campus safety assessments require environmental monitoring. This study found perceived risk and crime incidents often occurred independently, highlighting the need for combined data for a complete campus safety understanding.

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campus safetygeographic information system (GIS)mixed methodsperceived risk

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Urban Planning
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Campus safety is a significant concern, with environmental monitoring being crucial for security.
  • Quantifying perceptions of fear, safety, and risk in campus environments remains challenging.
  • Perceptions of safety and actual crime incidents may not align, necessitating the study of both.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel mixed-methods approach for assessing campus safety.
  • Focuses on a large, urban university campus in the southeastern United States.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a concurrent triangulation design, collecting qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously.
  • Utilized student focus groups for qualitative data on perceived risk.
  • Applied kernel density analysis to identify crime incident "hot spots".

Main Results:

  • Student focus groups provided insights into perceived risks on campus.
  • Geospatial analysis identified crime "hot spots" across the campus.
  • No statistically significant overall correlation was found between perceived risk and crime incidents.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived risk and crime incidents often occurred independently, despite some localized associations.
  • Geospatial integration of perceived risk and crime data revealed three distinct safety conditions.
  • Combining qualitative and spatial analyses offers a more comprehensive understanding of campus safety issues.