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Related Concept Videos

Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
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Understanding Memory01:19

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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Storage01:23

Storage

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
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Memory function and supportive technology.

Neil Charness1, Ryan Best1, Dustin Souders1

  • 1Psychology Department, Florida State University.

Gerontechnology : International Journal on the Fundamental Aspects of Technology to Serve the Ageing Society
|January 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory decline affects episodic and working memory in older adults. This study explores augmentation and substitution strategies, including mnemonic training and environmental aids, to mitigate these age-related memory failures.

Keywords:
agingaugmentationenvironmental supportepisodic memorymemorymemory aidmemory complaintmemory technologymetamemorymnemonicsprocedural memoryprospective memoryretrospective memorysemantic memorysubstitutionworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Episodic and working memory exhibit significant age-related decline.
  • Older adults frequently report prospective and retrospective memory failures.
  • Semantic, procedural, and metamemory functions are relatively preserved in aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a framework for mitigating age-related memory decline.
  • To explore augmentation and substitution strategies for memory support.
  • To discuss user-centered and environment-centered interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on memory decline and support strategies.
  • Categorization of interventions into user-change (e.g., mnemonics training) and tool/environment-change (e.g., environmental support).
  • Analysis of low-tech and high-tech memory aids.

Main Results:

  • A framework is proposed to guide the selection of memory support strategies.
  • Both user-focused training and external aids can mitigate memory decline.
  • Effectiveness of high-tech solutions depends on device efficacy, user attitudes, and system reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related memory decline, particularly in episodic and working memory, can be addressed through strategic interventions.
  • A combination of cognitive training and external memory aids offers a promising approach.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the design and implementation of high-tech memory support systems for older adults.