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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Circadian rhythms in cell maturation.

Bastiaan C Du Pré1, Toon A B Van Veen, Martin E Young

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how circadian rhythms, crucial for mammalian health and disease, originate. It details the development of master and peripheral clocks, comparing in utero and in vitro development.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Chronobiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are fundamental biological processes influencing mammalian physiology and disease.
  • Understanding the origins of these rhythms is key to addressing related health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the origination of circadian rhythms.
  • To discuss the developmental processes of both central (master) and peripheral circadian clocks.
  • To compare the development of circadian rhythms in different environments, specifically in utero versus in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on circadian rhythm development.
  • Comparative analysis of master and peripheral clock development.
  • Examination of developmental origins in both fetal and laboratory settings.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms originate through complex developmental pathways affecting both central and peripheral clocks.
  • Developmental trajectories differ between in utero and in vitro conditions.
  • Key molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying clock origination are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The origination of circadian rhythms is a critical developmental process with implications for health and disease.
  • Further research into in utero and in vitro development can elucidate fundamental mechanisms.
  • This review synthesizes current understanding and highlights areas for future investigation.