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Unexpected consequences of genetic selection in broilers and turkeys: problems and solutions.
1a The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush , Midlothian , EH25 9RG , UK.
Genetic selection for production traits can negatively impact animal welfare, leading to undesirable consequences. Monitoring commercial flocks and utilizing new technologies are crucial for improving welfare traits in poultry.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Quantitative Genetics
- Animal Welfare Science
Background:
- Genetic selection for production traits can lead to unintended negative consequences.
- Selection sweeps increase deleterious recessive alleles, impacting fitness and welfare.
- Fitness encompasses survival, reproduction, and contribution to the next generation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the genetic underpinnings of unintended consequences in production trait selection.
- To evaluate the impact of genetic selection on animal welfare in broiler chickens and turkeys.
- To assess the potential of new technologies for improving welfare traits.
Main Methods:
- Review of genetic theory and selection principles.
- Analysis of fitness and welfare traits in broiler populations.
- Discussion of emerging technologies like whole genome selection and genetic modification.
Main Results:
- Genetic selection for production traits is associated with increased frequencies of negative fitness alleles.
- Welfare issues such as musculoskeletal disease and reproductive problems are linked to genetic selection.
- Improvements in welfare traits have been observed in pedigree flocks, but monitoring commercial flocks is essential.
Conclusions:
- Genetic selection for production traits carries inherent risks to animal welfare.
- Continuous monitoring and technological advancements are vital for mitigating negative welfare impacts.
- New technologies, including genetic modification, offer potential for welfare improvement but face public acceptance challenges.
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