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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance,...
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Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
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Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
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Local heating realization by reverse thermal cloak.

Run Hu1, Xuli Wei2, Jinyan Hu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Scientific Reports
|January 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a "reverse thermal cloak" to concentrate heat for local heating applications. This technology, an advancement in transformation thermodynamics, can be achieved using metamaterials or homogenous materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Transformation Optics
  • Thermal Engineering

Background:

  • Transformation thermodynamics extends transformation optics, enabling concepts like thermal cloaks to create isothermal regions and conceal objects from heat.
  • Thermal cloaks have garnered significant interest for their ability to manipulate heat flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of a
  • reverse thermal cloak
  • as a counterpart to the thermal cloak.
  • To verify the functionality of the reverse thermal cloak in concentrating heat and achieving local heating.
  • To explore the feasibility of realizing reverse thermal cloaks with various material structures.

Main Methods:

  • Full-wave simulations were employed to validate the principles of the reverse thermal cloak.
  • Three-dimensional finite element simulations were used to demonstrate the heating capabilities.
  • The influence of anisotropic thermal conductivity on cloaking layer performance was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The reverse thermal cloak was successfully verified to concentrate heat, enabling local heating.
  • The performance of local heating was found to be dependent on the anisotropic dispersion of the cloaking layer's thermal conductivity.
  • Demonstrated that reverse thermal cloaks can effectively heat objects.

Conclusions:

  • The reverse thermal cloak is a viable concept for targeted heating applications.
  • Both pre-engineered metamaterials and homogenous materials (e.g., spoke-like or Hashin coated-sphere structures) can be utilized to realize reverse thermal cloaks.
  • This research expands the applications of transformation thermodynamics beyond heat cloaking to active thermal manipulation.