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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Diving Medicine

Background:

  • Previous research indicated microvascular dysfunction after SCUBA diving.
  • Mechanisms underlying post-dive vascular dysfunction require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of post-dive vascular dysfunction.
  • To differentiate effects of hyperbaric exposure, immersion, and hyperoxia on microvascular function.

Main Methods:

  • Ten divers underwent three protocols: SCUBA dive, head-immersed finning exercise, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure.
  • Cutaneous microvascular function assessed via laser Doppler and iontophoresis (acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside).
  • Biomarkers for endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor), nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine), and platelet aggregation (PF4) were measured.

Main Results:

  • SCUBA diving significantly reduced endothelium-independent vascular response (P=0.039) but not endothelium-dependent response.
  • Hyperbaric oxygen and immersion protocols did not alter microvascular endothelial function.
  • Immersion protocol led to a significant increase in nitric oxide levels (P=0.035).

Conclusions:

  • A single air SCUBA dive alters microvascular endothelial-independent function in highly trained divers.
  • Diving acclimatization may modify the impact of decompression on microvascular function.