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Autonomic nervous system function following prenatal opiate exposure.

Matthew Todd Hambleton1, Eric W Reynolds1, Thitinart Sithisarn1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA.

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|January 9, 2014
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Summary

Prenatal opiate exposure may alter autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in newborns. Exposed infants showed greater heart rate variability (HRV) and altered autonomic responses during feeding compared to controls.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemheart rate variabilityneonatal abstinence syndromepower spectral analysisprenatal opiate

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Autonomic nervous system research
  • Developmental neuroscience

Background:

  • In utero exposure to opiates can impact fetal and newborn autonomic functioning.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autonomic nervous system (ANS) stability in neonates exposed to opiates in utero.
  • To compare heart rate variability (HRV) between opiate-exposed and control infants during nutritive and non-nutritive sucking.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocardiographic data were collected from 14 opiate-exposed and 10 control neonates.
  • Analysis included RR intervals, heart rate (HR), SDRR, SDDRR, and power spectral densities.
  • Data were evaluated during non-nutritive and nutritive sucking states.

Main Results:

  • Control infants showed increased HR and decreased RR intervals during sucking; exposed infants did not.
  • Opiate-exposed infants exhibited significantly greater HRV (SDRR, SDDRR) during non-nutritive sucking.
  • Exposed infants had higher low and high frequency power bands during nutritive feedings, indicating altered ANS function.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal opiate exposure is associated with altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in neonates.
  • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS may be affected.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand the long-term effects of prenatal opiate exposure on ANS function.