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Malignancies in HIV/AIDS: from epidemiology to therapeutic challenges

Paul G Rubinstein1, David M Aboulafia, Andrew Zloza

  • 1aSection of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Developmental Center for AIDS Research bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois cDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, and the Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington dDepartment of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Cancer Center, Developmental Center for AIDS Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. *Paul G. Rubinstein and David M. Aboulafia contributed equally to the writing of this article.

AIDS (London, England)
|January 10, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Despite advances in HIV/AIDS treatment, AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) remain more common in HIV-infected individuals. Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are also rising, indicating ongoing challenges in cancer management for this population.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) but not eliminated them in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) like lung, liver, anal, and melanoma are increasingly prevalent and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS.
  • While increased longevity contributes to NADC trends, it doesn't fully explain the observed epidemiology.

Discussion:

  • This review examines the epidemiology and etiology of cancers in the context of HIV/AIDS.
  • Preclinical research and treatment considerations for HIV-associated malignancies are discussed.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing the persistent cancer burden in HIV/AIDS care.

Key Insights:

  • Cancer remains a significant health issue for people living with HIV/AIDS, encompassing both ADCs and NADCs.
  • The aging HIV-infected population experiences rising rates of NADCs, posing a growing clinical challenge.
  • Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention and treatment.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the complex interplay between HIV, aging, and cancer development is essential.
  • Developing targeted strategies for NADC prevention and treatment in the HIV-infected population is a priority.
  • Continued investigation into novel therapeutic approaches may improve outcomes for HIV-associated cancers.

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