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Updated: May 4, 2026

In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Published on: October 23, 2018
How water interacts with halogenated anesthetics: the rotational spectrum of isoflurane-water
Qian Gou1, Gang Feng, Luca Evangelisti
1Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0512099456.
Abstract:
The rotational spectra of several isotopologues of the 1:1 complex between the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane and water have been recorded and analyzed by using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The rotational spectrum showed a single rotamer, corresponding to the configuration in which the most stable conformer of isolated isoflurane is linked to the water molecule through an almost linear C-H⋅⋅⋅O weak hydrogen bond. All transitions display a hyperfine structure due to the (35)Cl (or (37)Cl) nuclear quadrupole effects.
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Halogenation of Alkenes
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Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...