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Updated: May 4, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Published on: June 12, 2021
Replenish the source within: Rescuing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by double checkpoint blockade
Jaikumar Duraiswamy1, Gordon Freeman2, George Coukos3
1Ovarian Cancer Research Center; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA.
Abstract:
We have recently reported that the PD-1 and CTLA4 signaling pathways are active in both effector and regulatory T cells, causing profound immune dysfunctions in the tumor microenvironment. In line with this notion, the dual blockade of PD-1- and CTLA4-conveyed signals may exert robust therapeutic effects. Here, we discuss the mechanisms possibly underlying such a synergic interaction.
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