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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

45.6K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
45.6K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

229
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
229
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

108
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
108
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.1K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.1K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

17.0K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
17.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
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Is there a third order phase transition for supercritical fluids?

Jinglong Zhu1, Pingwen Zhang1, Han Wang2

  • 1LMAM and School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Molecular Dynamics simulations show no third-order phase transition in supercritical fluids beyond the critical point, contradicting some theories. This suggests a smoother thermodynamic behavior for fluids in this regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Computational Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Recent theoretical and experimental studies suggest the existence and universality of third-order phase transitions in supercritical fluids.
  • These proposed transitions occur beyond Andrew's critical point, challenging conventional understanding of fluid behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of third-order phase transitions in supercritical fluids using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • To reconcile discrepancies between simulation results and existing theoretical/experimental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Employing Lennard-Jones (L-J) particle models for liquid mixtures.
  • Analyzing thermodynamic behavior in the supercritical regime beyond the critical point.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of a third-order phase transition was found in the supercritical regime.
  • Simulation results contradict recent theoretical and experimental claims of such transitions.
  • The findings suggest a smooth liquid-vapor thermodynamic behavior in supercritical fluids.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular Dynamics simulations indicate a lack of third-order phase transitions in supercritical fluids.
  • The study challenges the universality of proposed supercritical phase transitions.
  • A smoother thermodynamic profile for fluids beyond the critical point is suggested.