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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

3.0K
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
3.0K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Instrumentation for hand-portable liquid chromatography.

Sonika Sharma1, Alex Plistil2, Robert S Simpson2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new battery-operated nano-flow liquid chromatography (LC) system was developed for portable field analysis. This compact system offers high accuracy and low carry-over, making it suitable for quantitative analysis.

Keywords:
Capillary columnHand-portableLiquid chromatographyNano-flow pumpOn-column detectionUV-absorption

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Instrumentation Development

Background:

  • Liquid chromatography (LC) instrumentation has historically lagged in the development of hand-portable systems compared to gas chromatography (GC).
  • Field-deployable analytical instruments require miniaturization, reduced power consumption, and robust performance.
  • Existing portable analytical solutions may not meet the sensitivity or quantitative accuracy demands for certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a battery-operated, hand-portable nano-flow liquid chromatography (LC) system.
  • To integrate a miniaturized UV-absorption detector and a high-pressure pumping system for field operation.
  • To evaluate the performance characteristics, including flow rate accuracy, injection carry-over, and detector sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 24V DC battery-operated nano-flow pumping system with a stop-flow injector, weighing 1.372kg and capable of up to 110.32MPa.
  • Integration of a miniaturized on-column UV-absorption detector (254nm) optimized for weight and power usage.
  • Performance evaluation using flow rate calibration, injection carry-over tests, and determination of detector linear range and limit of detection (LOD) with sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate.

Main Results:

  • The pumping system achieved flow rate accuracy greater than 99.94% and low injection carry-over (RSD 0.31%).
  • The UV detector exhibited a linear regression coefficient (R) of 0.9996 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.8fmol (0.13μM).
  • Reversed-phase isocratic separations using a capillary column with a monolithic stationary phase demonstrated good retention time repeatability (RSD 0.09-0.74%).

Conclusions:

  • The developed battery-operated nano-flow LC system is suitable for portable field analysis.
  • The system demonstrates high accuracy, low carry-over, and good sensitivity, enabling quantitative analysis.
  • This miniaturized LC instrumentation represents a significant advancement for on-site chemical analysis.