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Individual differences in wisdom conceptions: relationships to gratitude and wisdom.
1Department of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Austria. susanne.koenig@aau.at
International Journal of Aging & Human Development
|January 15, 2014
Summary
Most people view wisdom as either cognitive or integrative. The integrative view, incorporating cognition, reflection, and affect, is linked to higher wisdom and gratitude levels.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Laypeople typically hold either cognitive or integrative conceptions of wisdom.
- Previous research established these two main conceptualizations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To qualitatively assess laypeople's views on wisdom and its development.
- To examine the relationship between wisdom conceptions, levels of wisdom, and gratitude.
Main Methods:
- A sample of 443 young adults rated the relevance of cognitive, reflective, and affective aspects of wisdom.
- Cluster analyses identified distinct wisdom conceptions.
- Qualitative data explored characteristics and development of wisdom.
Main Results:
- Two primary conceptions of wisdom were confirmed: a cognitive view and an integrative view (cognition, reflection, affect).
- The two groups differed in their descriptions of wisdom and its development.
- The integrative conception was more prevalent in individuals with higher wisdom and gratitude.
Conclusions:
- Laypeople's conceptions of wisdom align with those identified by wisdom psychologists.
- An integrative understanding of wisdom is associated with greater wisdom and gratitude.
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