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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
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Altered skin flowmotion in hypertensive humans.

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  • 1Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6900, USA.

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Essential hypertension impairs skin blood flow regulation, showing reduced neurogenic control and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Spectral analysis reveals altered microvascular function in hypertensive individuals, highlighting potential diagnostic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Microvascular Function
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Essential hypertension is linked to impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in the skin.
  • Understanding microvascular control alterations in hypertension is crucial for cardiovascular health.
  • Spectral analysis of laser-Doppler flowmetry offers insights into vasoreactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize skin flowmotion using spectral analysis during vasodilation in hypertensive and normotensive individuals.
  • To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on microvascular control.
  • To compare spectral characteristics between hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Laser-Doppler flowmetry was used to record skin blood flow during local heating in 18 hypertensive and 18 normotensive participants.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of NOS using N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) via microdialysis assessed NO-dependent vasodilation.
  • Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analyzed power spectral densities (PSDs) across different frequency intervals.

Main Results:

  • Local heating increased total PSD in all frequency intervals for both groups.
  • Hypertensives exhibited lower total and neurogenic PSDs compared to normotensives, with altered normalized contributions.
  • NOS inhibition reduced total PSD in both groups, with hypertensives showing significantly lower endothelial, neurogenic, and total PSDs.

Conclusions:

  • Essential hypertension is associated with altered neurogenic and NOS-dependent control of skin microvascular function.
  • Spectral analysis is a valuable non-invasive tool for assessing vasoreactivity and microvascular dysfunction.
  • Findings suggest impaired endothelial and neurogenic contributions to skin blood flow regulation in hypertension.