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Combined computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve
Michele Bartoletti, Fabio Tumietto, Giovanni Fasulo
1Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico S, Orsola Malpighi, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. pierluigi.viale@unibo.it.
Insights
Diagnosing prosthetic valve endocarditis is difficult, but fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography shows promise. This imaging technique aids in diagnosing prosthetic valve endocarditis and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Nuclear Medicine
Background:
- Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) diagnosis is challenging, with trans-esophageal echocardiography often yielding inconclusive results.
- Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a potential diagnostic tool for PVE, but data remain limited.
Background:
The diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis is challenging. The gold standard for prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosis is trans-esophageal echocardiography. However, trans-esophageal echocardiography may result in negative findings or yield images difficult to differentiate from thrombus in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Combined computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is a potentially promising diagnostic tool for several infectious conditions and it has also been employed in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis but data are still scant.
Case Presentations:
We reviewed the charts of 6 patients with prosthetic aortic valves evaluated for suspicion of prosthetic valve endocarditis, at two different hospital, over a 3-year period. We found 3 patients with early-onset PVE cases and blood cultures yielding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis, respectively; and 3 late-onset cases in the remaining 3 patients with isolation in the blood of Streptococcus bovis, Candida albicans and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Initial trans-esophageal echocardiography was negative in all the patients, while fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed images suspicious for prosthetic valve endocarditis. In 4 out of 6 patients valve replacement was done with histology confirming the prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosis. After an adequate course of antibiotic therapy fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed resolution of prosthetic valve endocarditis in all the patients.
Conclusion:
Our experience confirms the potential role of fluoroseoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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