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Raynaud's phenomenon: from molecular pathogenesis to therapy.

Marcella Prete1, Maria Celeste Fatone1, Elvira Favoino2

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.

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|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Raynaud's phenomenon involves digital vasospasm triggered by stress, classified as primary or secondary. This review explores its causes, risks, and treatments, focusing on primary and connective tissue disease-related RP.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesConnective tissue diseaseRaynaud's phenomenonSmooth muscle cellsSystemic sclerosisTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a syndrome of recurrent digital vasospasm.
  • It is classified as primary (pRP) or secondary (sRP), often linked to connective tissue diseases (CTD-RP).
  • RP presents with characteristic color changes (pallor, cyanosis, erythema) and can lead to severe complications in sRP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, epidemiology, and risk factors of Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • To discuss clinical manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of RP.
  • To correlate recent pathophysiological insights with current therapeutic options for pRP and CTD-RP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • Analysis of recent advances in understanding RP pathophysiology.
  • Synthesis of etiological, epidemiological, and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • RP is triggered by physical, chemical, or emotional stress.
  • Secondary RP associated with connective tissue diseases carries risks of digital ulcers and gangrene.
  • Pathogenesis remains partly unclear, but novel therapeutic targets are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RP pathophysiology is crucial for identifying new therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of autoantibodies and refine treatment for RP.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of RP, aiding in clinical management and research.