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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
26
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

28
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
28
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Selenium and autoimmune thyroiditis

D Nacamulli1, D Petricca, C Mian

  • 1Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera - Padova University, 35100 Padova, Italy. davide.nacamulli@sanita.padova.it.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is crucial for thyroid hormone metabolism and oxidative protection via selenoproteins.
  • Clinical trials on Se supplementation for autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT) have yielded inconclusive results.
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) pathogenesis is complex and may influence selenoprotein function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of Se supplementation in patients with AIT.
  • To analyze the impact of HT's multifactorial genesis on selenoprotein activity.
  • To explore the weak correlation between thyroid structural damage and antibody titers in HT.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical trials on Se supplementation in AIT.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on Hashimoto's thyroiditis and selenium.

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  • Evaluation of thyroid ultrasound and antibody titer correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • Existing studies on Se supplementation in AIT show varied and inconclusive outcomes.
    • The complex nature of Hashimoto's thyroiditis may impact selenium's effectiveness.
    • A poor correlation exists between ultrasound-measured thyroid damage and antibody levels in HT.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to clarify the role of Se supplementation in AIT management.
    • Future studies should consider the multifactorial aspects of HT and selenoprotein interactions.
    • Recommendations for future research design are suggested based on current findings.