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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Phenotypic variability and divergence in disruptive selection.

R Alicchio1, L D Palenzona

  • 1Institute of Genetics, University of Bologna, Italy.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|January 15, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disruptive selection experiments revealed that increased phenotypic variability and bimodal distributions in wing length were not linearly related to initial genetic variability. These findings suggest developmental pattern changes, not simple genetic switches, drive disruptive selection outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental genetics
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Previous directional selection established different plateaus in three lines (M, F, K).
  • Disruptive selection was applied using two types: HL and LH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the responses to disruptive selection, specifically phenotypic variability and bimodal frequency distributions.
  • To determine the relationship between these responses and initial genetic/phenotypic variability.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms driving the effects of disruptive selection.

Main Methods:

  • Applied two types of disruptive selection (HL and LH) to selected lines.
  • Measured wing length and analyzed frequency distributions.
  • Assessed phenotypic and genetic variability.

Main Results:

  • Observed increases in phenotypic variability and bimodal distributions as responses to disruptive selection.
  • Found these responses were not linearly related to each other.
  • Demonstrated that responses were not directly related to the initial genetic and phenotypic variability.
  • Noted persistent differences between LH and HL selection lines.

Conclusions:

  • The effects of disruptive selection appear primarily dependent on alterations in the developmental patterns of involved genes and their interconnections.
  • Results challenge explanations based on simple genetic or developmental switch mechanisms.
  • Findings are inconsistent with chromosomal polymorphism as the sole driver of disruptive selection effects.