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Related Concept Videos

What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Interaction between artificial and natural selection.

D Lorenzo Palenzona1, R Alicchio, G Rocchetta

  • 1Institute of Genetics, University of Bologna, Italy.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|January 15, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Population genetic structure influences evolutionary responses to selection. Experiments with Drosophila melanogaster show that prior artificial selection on wing length in separate sexes alters subsequent natural selection responses, suggesting genetic divergence.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding gene pool divergence without gene flow limitations is crucial for evolutionary studies.
  • The role of population genetic structure in modulating responses to natural selection requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if population genetic structure controls the response to natural selection.
  • To examine evolutionary divergence within a gene pool under varying selection pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized plateaued populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Applied artificial selection for wing length separately on males and females.
  • Studied the response to subsequent natural selection after discontinuing artificial selection.

Main Results:

  • Populations previously subjected to sex-specific artificial selection exhibited dissimilar responses to subsequent natural selection.
  • Evidence suggests that artificial selection altered the fitness-wing length relationships.
  • A second experiment indicated that different genes/gene complexes influence wing length, responding variably to natural and artificial selection across sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Population genetic structure, shaped by prior selection history, significantly impacts evolutionary trajectories.
  • Interactions between gene complexes and selection (artificial and natural) can drive within-population differentiation.
  • Wing length determination in Drosophila melanogaster involves complex genetic architectures sensitive to sex-specific and directional selection.