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Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

Shusen Sun1, Anthony E Zimmermann2

  • 1Clinical Assistant Professor.

Hospital Pharmacy
|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), linked to long-term cannabis use, causes severe nausea and vomiting. Early recognition by pharmacists is key for managing this underdiagnosed condition.

Keywords:
cannabinoid hyperemesis syndromechronic cannabis useclinical pharmacistscompulsive hot water bathingintractable nausea and vomiting

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition linked to chronic cannabis consumption.
  • It presents with severe, intractable nausea and vomiting, often leading to emergency department visits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).
  • To equip clinical pharmacists with knowledge for managing the hyperemetic phase of CHS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Relevant published literature was systematically reviewed.

Main Results:

  • CHS is characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting without a clear organic cause.
  • Compulsive hot water bathing is a frequently observed behavior in patients with CHS.
  • Patients frequently present to the emergency department for relief of symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) may be underdiagnosed in emergency settings.
  • Consideration of CHS in the differential diagnosis for patients with long-term cannabis use is crucial.
  • Pharmacists play a vital role in recognizing, educating about, and managing CHS.