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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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International Nursing Organizations I01:23

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International Nursing Organization (ICN) is a global union of national nurses' organizations. Individual nurses can be a part of ICN through member organizations. Each member organization strives to ensure quality nursing care, sound health policies, the advancement of nursing knowledge, respect for the profession, and a satisfied and competent nursing workforce.
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Reservoir of Infection01:30

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
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International infrastructure to control infectious diseases.

S B Halstead1

  • 1Health Sciences Division, Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, 10036, New York, NY, USA.

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
|January 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Significant progress in infectious disease control has increased life expectancy. Further reductions in child mortality require economic improvements, sanitation, education, and targeted immunization programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Global health
  • Infectious disease control
  • Child mortality

Background:

  • The 20th century saw major advances in controlling infectious diseases, extending life expectancy for a portion of the global population.
  • Significant disparities remain in life expectancy and child mortality rates worldwide.
  • Addressing child mortality requires comprehensive strategies beyond immediate medical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the leading causes of child mortality and their associated socioeconomic factors.
  • To evaluate the impact of current interventions and investments on child mortality.
  • To identify key areas for future research and programmatic development in infectious disease control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infectious disease control and child mortality.
  • Analysis of social and economic correlates of child mortality.
  • Assessment of the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of current public health programs.

Main Results:

  • Infectious disease control has led to substantial gains in life expectancy.
  • Economic development, sanitation, education, and nutrition are crucial for reducing child mortality.
  • Vertical programs like the Expanded Program on Immunization offer cost-effective, immediate reductions in child mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained reductions in child mortality necessitate integrated approaches combining structural changes with targeted health programs.
  • Continued investment in development and research is vital for improving infectious disease control efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
  • Multinational and bilateral agencies play a key role in supporting these essential changes.