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Molecular studies on coronary artery disease-a review
A Supriya Simon1, T Vijayakumar2
1Department of Biochemistry, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, 689 101 Kerala India.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global health issue. This review explores conventional and emerging risk factors, including molecular aspects like oxidative stress, for better risk assessment and reduced mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity.
- Conventional risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking) explain only 50% of CAD risk.
- A comprehensive understanding requires evaluating emerging and molecular risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate conventional and emerging risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To explore the molecular basis of CAD, including oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and DNA damage.
- To advocate for a multifactorial approach in CAD risk assessment and management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical, biochemical, and genetic studies on CAD.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms contributing to CAD pathogenesis.
- Synthesis of information on conventional and novel risk factors.
Main Results:
- Identified conventional risk factors inadequately explain total CAD risk.
- Highlighted the role of high oxidative stress, low antioxidant status, and increased DNA damage in CAD.
- Emphasized the need for integrated clinical, biochemical, and genetic assessments.
Conclusions:
- A multifactorial approach incorporating emerging and molecular factors is crucial for comprehensive CAD risk assessment.
- Understanding the molecular basis of CAD can lead to improved strategies for reducing morbidity and mortality.
- Further research into genetic and molecular risk factors is warranted.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the entire world population. The conventional risk factors of CAD include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, family history, smoking etc. These factors contribute only 50 % of the total risk of CAD. For providing a complete risk assessment in CAD, it is mandatory to have well-planned clinical, biochemical and genetic studies in patients with CAD and subjects who are at risk of developing CAD. In this review an attempt is made to critically evaluate the conventional and emerging risk factors which predispose the individual to CAD. Specifically, the molecular basis of CAD including high oxidative stress, low antioxidant status and increased DNA damage are covered. A comprehensive and multifactorial approach to the problem is the better way to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease.
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