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Sensory-motor transformations for speech occur bilaterally.

Gregory B Cogan1, Thomas Thesen2, Chad Carlson3

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.

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The speech sensory-motor system, crucial for linking auditory perception and motor production, is not solely left-lateralized. Direct neural recordings reveal that these sensory-motor transformations occur bilaterally in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Processing
  • Auditory Perception and Motor Production

Background:

  • Historically, speech processing models emphasized a left-lateralized sensory-motor system for linking auditory perception and motor output.
  • This system was thought to be essential for higher-order language functions like syntax and semantics.
  • While speech perception is known to be bilateral, the neural basis of sensory-motor transformations remained controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying sensory-motor transformations in speech processing.
  • To determine whether the speech sensory-motor system is left-lateralized or bilateral.

Main Methods:

  • Direct neural recordings were used in subjects performing overt speech production tasks.
  • Neural responses were analyzed during both perception and production in word-repetition and non-word transformation tasks.
  • Electrode data from bilateral inferior frontal, parietal, temporal, premotor, and somatosensory cortices were examined.

Main Results:

  • Robust sensory-motor neural responses were observed bilaterally across multiple cortical areas during speech perception and production.
  • Bilateral sensory-motor responses demonstrated the capacity to transform speech-perception-based representations into speech-production-based representations.
  • These findings challenge the traditional view of a strictly left-lateralized speech sensory-motor system.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a bilateral sublexical speech sensory-motor system.
  • This bilateral system plays a critical role in transforming auditory speech input into motor speech output.
  • These findings have significant implications for understanding the neural basis of speech processing and language.