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Use of unmalted sorghum as a brewing adjunct
1Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Gongola State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Hydrolysis of three varieties of unmalted sorghum by endogenous amylases produced sufficient maltose and glucose for subsequent brewing of beer. The optimal temperature and pH of the sorghum amylase activities varied between the three varleties. β-Amylase was optimal when used at 60°C and pH 5 for two varieties but at 60°C and pH 6 for another. The optimal α-amylase activity was between about 72°C and 75°C for all the sorghum varieties. The activities of the amylases differed considerably between the species.
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The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...

