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Summary

This review explores phage-based biosensors for rapid and specific pathogen detection. These advanced methods offer critical improvements for public safety and clinical diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Biosensor Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Accurate pathogen detection is crucial across food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and biodefense.
  • The rise of multidrug-resistant infections and foodborne illnesses necessitates innovative detection strategies.
  • Bacteriophages (phages) offer high specificity for bacterial targets, making them ideal for biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss phage-based analytical methods and biosensors for theranostic applications.
  • To highlight the potential of phages in developing advanced pathogen detection systems.
  • To provide an overview of current and emerging phage-based detection technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of phage amplification, reporter phage, phage lysis, and bioluminescence assays.
  • Analysis of various phage-based biosensor platforms, including optical, electrochemical, and acoustic wave sensors.
  • Discussion of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors, fiber optic assays, amperometric, potentiometric, impedimetric sensors, and magnetoelastic sensors.

Main Results:

  • Phage-based assays demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity for detecting bacterial species.
  • Diverse phage-based biosensors have been developed, utilizing various transduction principles.
  • These methods show significant promise for rapid, real-time pathogen identification.

Conclusions:

  • Phage-based biosensing represents a powerful approach for pathogen detection with theranostic potential.
  • These technologies are vital for enhancing public safety, clinical diagnostics, and biodefense.
  • Continued research in phage-based biosensors will drive innovation in infectious disease management.