Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

16.8K
A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
16.8K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

16.1K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
16.1K
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

18.9K
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system...
18.9K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.0K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.0K
Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

14.0K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
14.0K
Stereochemical Effects of Enolization01:12

Stereochemical Effects of Enolization

1.9K
The chiral α-carbon of the carbonyl compound is the stereocenter of the molecule. As shown in the figure below, when such a carbonyl compound undergoes racemization under an acidic or basic condition, an achiral enol is formed.
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of rate models for gradient elution chromatography and experimental evaluation for IEC, HIC, and RPC systems.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same author

Crystal Growth Kinetics of Na <sub><b>2</b></sub> CO <sub><b>3</b></sub> Hydrate Phases in the Na <sub><b>2</b></sub> CO <sub><b>3</b></sub> -NaOH-H <sub><b>2</b></sub> O System for Sustainable Soda Ash Production.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Carbon-Negative Production of Soda Ash: Process Development and Feasibility Evaluation.

Industrial & engineering chemistry research·2025
Same author

Separation of Enantiomers of the Chiral Arginine System: Solid-Phase Characterization, Solubility Phase Diagrams, and Preferential Crystallization.

ACS omega·2025
Same author

Chromatographic method to isolate valuable ingredients of saffron extracts.

Journal of chromatography. A·2025
Same author

Sustainable and Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material Based on Polyamide 12/N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide via Thermally Induced Phase Separation.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same journal

Fundamentals, Measurement and Regulation of the Conductance of Single Molecule Junctions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantitative Photoswitching of Spin States in o-Fluoroazobenzene-Loaded Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Cobalt Nanoparticles Confined in Defective Carbon Matrices for Robust Intermittent CO<sub>2</sub> Methanation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Copper(II/III) Redox Couple Enables C─H Methylation via a Radical Mechanism Analogous to SAM Enzymes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Ring Strain Engineering of Cyclic Ethers for High-Performance Sodium Metal Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Bond Length as a Unified Descriptor for Stable Iodine Battery.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

35.4K

Processes to separate enantiomers.

Heike Lorenz1, Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg (Germany).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Producing pure enantiomers is crucial for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and biotech. Recent advancements focus on the racemic approach, particularly enantioselective crystallization and chromatography, to efficiently separate enantiomer mixtures.

Keywords:
chromatographycrystallizationenantiomershybrid processesphase diagramsracemizationseparation methods

More Related Videos

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
09:14

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

11.3K
A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

35.4K
Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
09:14

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

11.3K
A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Chiral chemistry
  • Separation science

Background:

  • Pure enantiomers are vital for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and biotechnology.
  • Two main strategies exist: asymmetric synthesis (chiral approach) and enantiomer separation (racemic approach).

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review highlights progress in the racemic approach for obtaining pure enantiomers.
  • Focuses on enantioselective crystallization and preparative chromatography.

Main Methods:

  • Enantioselective crystallization processes.
  • Preparative chromatography techniques.
  • Hybrid processes incorporating racemization steps.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements have been made in the racemic approach for enantiomer separation.
  • Enantioselective crystallization and chromatography are effective methods.
  • Integration of racemization steps enhances efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The racemic approach, especially through advanced crystallization and chromatography, offers powerful solutions for pure enantiomer production.
  • These methods are increasingly important across various chemical industries.