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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
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Developing the Psychological Strain Scales (PSS): Reliability, Validity, and Preliminary Hypothesis Tests.

Jie Zhang1, Juncheng Lu2, Sibo Zhao3

  • 1Shandong University School of Public Health, China, and SUNY College at Buffalo, USA.

Social Indicators Research
|January 21, 2014
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Summary

Researchers developed new Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) to measure strains linked to suicide. These scales show positive associations between psychological strains and psychopathology, including suicidal ideation.

Keywords:
Mental DisorderPsychological StrainReliabilitySuicideValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Psychopathology Research
  • Mental Health Measurement

Background:

  • Strain Theory of Suicide is a key social psychological framework.
  • Empirical studies support the theory but lack consistent strain measurements.
  • This limits the theory's application in scientific research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate reliable scales for measuring psychological strains.
  • To systematically test the Strain Theory of Suicide.
  • To provide tools for future research on suicide and mental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Solicited ~40 items per strain (value, aspiration, deprivation, coping) from researchers.
  • Conducted preliminary examination of ~160 items with ~300 college students.
  • Performed a second study with ~500 students to refine scales and test validity against established measures.

Main Results:

  • Developed 15-item Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) for each of the four strains.
  • Found significant positive associations between PSS-measured psychological strains and psychopathology, including suicidal ideation.
  • Validated the PSS against established scales and variables.

Conclusions:

  • The newly developed PSS effectively measure psychological strains related to suicide.
  • Findings support the Strain Theory of Suicide by linking psychological strains to psychopathology.
  • Further research is needed to test PSS in diverse populations and on suicide outcomes.