Evaluating a 'UBI Plus' Intervention: A Needs-based Analysis of WorkFREE

Area of Science:

• Social Sciences
• Economics
• Development Studies

Background:

• Universal Basic Income (UBI) pilots are expanding, yet cash alone may not suffice for transformation.
• UBI Plus pilots integrate unconditional cash transfers with additional social interventions.
• A needs-based approach is crucial for evaluating comprehensive social programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the WorkFREE UBI Plus pilot in India using a mixed-methods, needs-based approach.
• To assess the impact of unconditional cash transfers combined with needs-focused meetings on participants' well-being.
• To analyze the effectiveness of UBI Plus in meeting fundamental human needs.

Main Methods:

• Mixed-methods evaluation of the WorkFREE UBI Plus pilot (2020-2024) involving over 1,400 slum residents in India.
• Utilized Manfred Max-Neef's framework of fundamental human needs for evaluation.
• Combined quantitative data from three household surveys with qualitative data from two years of participant engagement.

Main Results:

• UBI Plus demonstrated a synergistic effect, enabling participants to better meet material, psychological, and relational needs.
• The combination of cash transfers and 'Plus meetings' proved effective in enhancing overall participant well-being.
• Evidence suggests UBI Plus is more effective than cash alone in fostering comprehensive human development.

Conclusions:

• UBI Plus pilots show significant promise in addressing a wider spectrum of human needs beyond material provision.
• A needs-based framework is valuable for designing and evaluating social interventions.
• While acknowledging limitations, particularly regarding social and gendered differences, UBI Plus warrants advocacy for its potential in poverty reduction and social development.