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Related Concept Videos

The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

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Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers
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Actomyosin contractility rotates the cell nucleus.

Abhishek Kumar1, Ananyo Maitra2, Madhuresh Sumit3

  • 11] Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, NUS, Singapore 117411 [2].

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|January 22, 2014
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Summary

The cell nucleus exhibits rotational motion driven by active cytoskeletal filaments. Inhibiting actin contractility reduces this motion, revealing intrinsic intracellular flows.

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Author Spotlight: Elucidating the Dynamics of Mechano-Transduction and Nuclear Agitation in Mouse Oocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • The cell nucleus operates within a dynamic cytoskeleton, but its mechanical response to cytoskeletal forces remains poorly understood.
  • Understanding nuclear dynamics is crucial for cellular function and response to mechanical stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of the cell nucleus to contractile stresses from active cytoskeletal filaments.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving nuclear motion within the cell.

Main Methods:

  • Studied dynamics of single fibroblast nuclei on micro-fabricated patterns to restrict cell migration.
  • Employed a hydrodynamic approach modeling the nucleus as a viscous inclusion in an active filament fluid.
  • Utilized low concentrations of blebbistatin to selectively reduce actin contractility.
  • Performed time-lapse imaging of actin dynamics around the nucleus.

Main Results:

  • Observed noisy but coherent rotational motion of the nucleus.
  • Found that reduced actin contractility significantly decreased the speed and coherence of nuclear rotation.
  • Actin imaging revealed correlated hydrodynamic flow around the nucleus, matching theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Active cytoskeletal filaments generate forces that induce coherent rotational motion in the cell nucleus.
  • Intracellular hydrodynamic flows are intrinsically linked to nuclear rotation.
  • Nuclear rotation driven by cytoskeletal activity is an inherent cellular property.