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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
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A phenomenologist's response to Alan Waterman.

James Morley1

  • 1Ramapo College of New Jersey.

The American Psychologist
|January 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This commentary clarifies the philosophical underpinnings of humanistic psychology, specifically addressing the misrepresentation of phenomenology. It argues for a more accurate understanding of these psychological paradigms.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • Positive psychology and humanistic psychology are cognate fields with distinct philosophical foundations.
  • Alan Waterman's article proposes distancing positive psychology from humanistic psychology.
  • Waterman's representation of phenomenology as the sole philosophical foundation for humanistic psychology is contested.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate Waterman's claims regarding the philosophical foundations of humanistic psychology.
  • To offer a clarification on the role of phenomenology in humanistic psychology.
  • To foster a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between humanistic and positive psychology.

Main Methods:

  • Critical commentary and philosophical analysis.
  • Review of Waterman's arguments concerning phenomenology.

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  • Engagement with the conceptual distinctions between psychological paradigms.

    • Main Results:

    • Waterman's portrayal of phenomenology as the exclusive philosophical basis for humanistic psychology is identified as inaccurate and problematic.
    • The commentary highlights the need for precise philosophical grounding in psychological discourse.
    • Respectful disagreement is encouraged to advance the understanding of these fields.

    Conclusions:

    • A more accurate representation of phenomenology's role in humanistic psychology is necessary.
    • Closing the conversation between humanistic and positive psychology based on perceived irreconcilable differences may be premature.
    • Further scholarly dialogue is needed to refine the philosophical distinctions between psychological approaches.