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Iodine supplementation in the newborn

Paolo Ghirri1, Sara Lunardi2, Antonio Boldrini3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology Unit, via Roma 55, Pisa 56126, Italy. pghirri@med.unipi.it.

Nutrients
|January 23, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Iodine deficiency is a leading cause of preventable brain damage globally. Ensuring adequate iodine intake during pregnancy, lactation, and for preterm infants is crucial for preventing hypothyroidism and supporting neurodevelopment.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Iodine deficiency is the primary preventable cause of intellectual disability worldwide.
  • Iodine deficiency during fetal and neonatal periods can lead to hypothyroidism.
  • Preterm infants, especially those with extremely low birth weight, are at risk of negative iodine balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of iodine supplementation in preventing brain damage.
  • To emphasize the importance of adequate iodine intake for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and newborns.
  • To address the specific iodine needs of extremely low birth weight preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on iodine deficiency and its impact.
  • Analysis of the risks associated with inadequate iodine intake in vulnerable populations.
  • Recommendations for iodine supplementation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Iodine deficiency is a significant global health concern linked to preventable brain damage.
  • Adequate iodine supplementation before and during pregnancy/lactation can prevent fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism.
  • Preterm infants require careful monitoring and adequate iodine intake to correct hypothyroxinemia.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing iodine deficiency through supplementation is essential for optimal neurodevelopment.
  • Maternal and neonatal iodine status must be managed to avoid deficiency and excess.
  • Targeted iodine interventions are necessary for high-risk infant populations.

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