Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Band Theory

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Energy Bands in Solids

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Broadband single-shot THz sampling using reflection gratings.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Tunable narrowband THz generation in the organic crystal BNA.

Optics letters·2026

Same author

Photo-induced nonvolatile rewritable ferroaxial switching.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Probing amplified Josephson plasmons in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6+x</sub> by multidimensional spectroscopy.

npj quantum materials·2025

Same author

Probing optically driven K<sub>3</sub>C<sub>60</sub> thin films with an ultrafast voltmeter.

Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Magnetic-Induced Force Noise in LISA Pathfinder Free-Falling Test Masses.

Physical review letters·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

Optical properties of a vibrationally modulated solid state Mott insulator.

S Kaiser¹, S R Clark², D Nicoletti¹

¹1] Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany [2].

Scientific Reports

|January 23, 2014

Summary

Scientists used optical pulses to dynamically alter electronic interactions in Mott-insulators. This research modulates the Hubbard U parameter, creating new electronic states and phases in solids by exciting molecular vibrations.

More Related Videos

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Mechanics

Background:

Solids can exhibit competing electronic phases and novel states.
Controlling these phases is crucial for advanced materials.
Mott-insulators are key systems for studying electronic correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic modulation of electronic interactions (Hubbard U) in a Mott-insulator.
To explore the creation of new electronic states via vibrational excitation.
To understand the coupling between lattice vibrations and electronic correlations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing mid-infrared optical pulses to excite molecular vibrations in ET-F2TCNQ, a 1D Mott-insulator.
Employing broadband ultrafast spectroscopy to probe the optical spectrum from THz to visible frequencies.
Comparing experimental results with computations based on a quantum-modulated dynamic Hubbard model.

Main Results:

Observation of a red-shifted charge-transfer resonance, indicating a reduced electronic correlation strength (U).
Appearance of a sideband manifold within the Mott gap, resulting from a periodically modulated U.
Experimental data suggests asymmetric holon-doublon coupling and significant electron double-occupancy influence on vibrational modes.

Conclusions:

Vibrational modulation offers a pathway to dynamically control electronic interactions in Mott-insulators.
This technique can be used to engineer novel electronic phases and states in solids.
The study provides insights into the complex interplay between lattice dynamics and electron correlations.