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Researchers used 2D nonlinear spectroscopy to observe phonon-mediated amplification of Josephson plasma polaritons in YBa2Cu3O6+x, revealing a squeezed state of the Josephson plasma.

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Superconducting properties and materials

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Materials Science
  • Nonlinear Spectroscopy
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Nonlinear driving of collective modes in quantum materials causes unique non-equilibrium responses.
  • One-dimensional pump-probe spectroscopy struggles to capture complex, multi-mode couplings.
  • Phonon-mediated amplification of Josephson plasmons in YBa2Cu3O6+x is linked to its optical response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear dynamics of collective modes in YBa2Cu3O6+x.
  • To explore phonon-mediated amplification of Josephson plasmons using advanced spectroscopic techniques.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms of the superconducting-like optical response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-dimensional nonlinear spectroscopy.
  • Excited apical oxygen phonons using pairs of phase-stable mid-infrared pump pulses.
  • Detected time-modulated second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility.

Main Results:

  • Observed parametric amplification of Josephson plasma polaritons by driven phonons.
  • Identified amplification of coherent pairs of opposite-momentum Josephson plasma polaritons.
  • Characterized the resulting state as a squeezed state of the Josephson plasma.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional nonlinear spectroscopy effectively probes complex mode couplings in quantum materials.
  • Phonon-driven amplification plays a key role in the exotic optical properties of YBa2Cu3O6+x.
  • The findings provide new insights into non-equilibrium dynamics and quantum phenomena in superconductors.