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[Emergence of W135 meningococcal serogroup in Chile during 2012]

M Teresa Valenzuela, Gabriela Moreno, Alejandra Vaquero

    Revista Medica De Chile
    |January 23, 2014
    PubMed

    Insights

    Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Chile saw a rise in 2012, with the W135 serogroup becoming dominant. This led to a public health alert and a new action plan to control the outbreak.

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Microbiology
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • The emergence of the hypervirulent ST-11 clone of serogroup W135 Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) globally.
    • The W135 serogroup, linked to the 2000 Mecca pilgrimage, has impacted various countries.
    • A notable increase in IMD cases in Chile since late 2011.

    Purpose:

    • To analyze the epidemiologic behavior and clinical presentation of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Chile during 2012.
    • To report the serogroup distribution, focusing on the rise of W135 serogroup.
    • To document the public health response to the W135 IMD outbreak.

    Summary:

    • Chile reported 133 IMD cases in 2012, a 30% increase above expected incidence.
    • Serogroup W135 accounted for 58% of confirmed strains, surpassing serogroup B (37%) for the first time.
    • The W135 serogroup predominantly caused sepsis (67%) and contributed to a 27% fatality rate, the highest in 20 years.
    • Cases were concentrated in the Metropolitan Region (80%) and affected primarily children under 5 years (47%).

    Impact:

    • The Chilean Ministry of Health declared a sanitary alert and initiated the "W-135 Action Plan" to control and prevent W135 IMD.
    • The study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and rapid response to emerging hypervirulent bacterial clones.
    • This data provides crucial insights for public health strategies addressing meningococcal disease outbreaks.

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