Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...

Global Regulatory Systems

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...

Regulation of Metabolism

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...

Introduction to Metabolism

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

AMPK: a master regulator of mitochondrial quality and quantity.

Trends in cell biology·2026

Same author

M1-linked ubiquitination by LUBAC regulates AMPK signalling and the response to energetic stress.

Cell death and differentiation·2026

Same author

Phenformin, But Not Metformin, Delays Development of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma via Cell-Autonomous AMPK Activation.

Cell reports·2025

Same author

Editor's Note: AMPK Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in LKB1-Deficient Cells via Activation of CAMKK2.

Molecular cancer research : MCR·2025

Same author

Assays of Different Mechanisms of AMPK Activation, and Use of Cells Expressing Mutant AMPK to Delineate Activation Mechanisms.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025

Same author

Transient Receptor Potential V Channels Are Essential for Glucose Sensing by Aldolase and AMPK.

Cell metabolism·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

AMPK: a cellular energy sensor primarily regulated by AMP.

Graeme J Gowans¹, D Grahame Hardie¹

¹*Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|January 24, 2014

Summary

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor. This study confirms AMP, not ADP, is the primary activator, highlighting AMP

Area of Science:

Cellular biology
Biochemistry
Metabolism

Background:

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a crucial cellular energy sensor.
AMPK regulates cellular energy homeostasis by modulating ATP-producing and ATP-consuming pathways.
The precise activators and mechanisms of AMPK remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the roles of AMP and ADP in AMPK activation.
To determine the physiological significance of different AMPK activation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Investigated AMPK activation mechanisms in response to AMP and ADP.
Assessed the impact of ATP on AMPK activation.
Evaluated allosteric activation by AMP in intact cellular models.

More Related Videos

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Published on: May 18, 2017

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Published on: May 18, 2017

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Main Results:

ADP mimics only the dephosphorylation inhibition mechanism of AMPK activation, unlike AMP.
ADP is less potent than AMP in activating AMPK.
Allosteric activation by AMP is a quantitatively significant mechanism in intact cells.

Conclusions:

AMP remains the primary physiological signal for AMPK activation.
Allosteric activation by AMP plays a significant role in cellular energy sensing.
Clarifies the distinct roles of AMP and ADP in AMPK regulation.