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Prospecting and dispersal: their eco-evolutionary dynamics and implications for population patterns.

M M Delgado1, K A Bartoń, D Bonte

  • 1Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, , 00014, Finland, Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, , C.S.I.C., c/ Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, , Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK, Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, , Glashüttenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, , K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Informed dispersal strategies evolve when information acquisition is cheap and dispersal has mortality costs. However, these informed strategies may not optimize population density or patch occupancy.

Keywords:
cost of informationextinctioninformationnatural selectionperceptual rangepopulation dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Dispersal is a crucial ecological process influencing population dynamics and species distributions.
  • Evidence suggests that dispersal is often an informed decision rather than a random event.
  • The evolution of informed dispersal strategies depends on the balance between the costs and benefits of acquiring and using information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coevolutionary dynamics between prospecting and dispersal strategies using individual-based simulations.
  • To determine the conditions under which informed dispersal strategies evolve.
  • To assess the impact of informed dispersal on population-level performance.

Main Methods:

  • Individual-based, spatially explicit simulations were employed.
  • The models incorporated varying costs for information acquisition and dispersal.
  • Coevolutionary dynamics between prospecting and dispersal movement strategies were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Informed dispersal strategies evolve when information acquisition costs are low and dispersal incurs mortality costs.
  • Selection favors informed dispersal when the processes of acquiring and using information are not prohibitively expensive.
  • Non-informed dispersal strategies co-evolve with long dispersal distances to maximize sampling area.
  • Informed dispersal can lead to sub-optimal population performance (density and patch occupancy).
  • Uninformed individuals can achieve near-optimal population performance.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of dispersal strategies is context-dependent, influenced by the costs associated with information gathering and movement.
  • Informed dispersal, while potentially beneficial for individuals, may not always lead to the best outcomes for the population as a whole.
  • Trade-offs exist between individual benefits of informed dispersal and population-level optimization.