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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

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Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
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Isoniazid-induced cerebellitis: a disguised presentation.

Prasant Peter1, Mary John

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, Pin-141008, India. prasant.peter@rediffmail.com.

Singapore Medical Journal
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Isoniazid therapy can rarely cause cerebellitis, typically with kidney disease. This case highlights isolated bilateral dentate nucleus MRI changes, a novel presentation of isoniazid neurotoxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cerebellitis is a rare complication of isoniazid treatment.
  • It is often linked to kidney disease and dialysis.
  • Isoniazid is a primary treatment for tuberculosis.

Observation:

  • A patient receiving isoniazid therapy developed cerebellitis.
  • The patient presented with specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
  • These findings were isolated bilateral symmetrical T2 hyperintensities in the dentate nucleus.

Findings:

  • This presentation is the first reported instance of isoniazid neurotoxicity causing bilateral dentate nucleus hyperintensities.
  • The MRI findings are distinct from previously documented isoniazid-induced neurotoxicity.
  • Differential diagnoses for these specific MRI findings are limited, including metronidazole toxicity.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of isoniazid's potential neurotoxic effects.
  • It emphasizes the importance of considering isoniazid neurotoxicity in patients with unexplained neurological symptoms and specific MRI findings.
  • Further research may be needed to elucidate the mechanism of this specific neurotoxic presentation.