Joint estimation of 2D-DOA and frequency based on space-time matrix and conformal array.

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Signal Processing
• Array Signal Processing

Background:

• Conformal arrays present unique challenges for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation due to element pattern variations.
• Conventional high-resolution DOA algorithms suffer performance degradation with non-uniform array elements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel joint frequency and two-dimension DOA (2D-DOA) estimation algorithm tailored for conformal arrays.
• To overcome the limitations of existing algorithms in handling the complexities of conformal array geometries.

Main Methods:

• Utilizes a delay correlation function for effective noise suppression.
• Constructs a spatial-time matrix by integrating spatial and temporal sampling.
• Employs parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis for frequency and 2D-DOA estimation, avoiding spectral peak searching and parameter pairing.

Main Results:

• The proposed algorithm requires only four guiding elements with known positions for accurate estimation.
• Demonstrates effective frequency and 2D-DOA estimation even with flexibly arranged instrumental elements.
• Simulation results validate the algorithm's effectiveness and robustness.

Conclusions:

• The developed algorithm offers a significant advancement in DOA estimation for conformal arrays.
• It provides a flexible and efficient solution requiring fewer precisely located elements.
• The method shows promise for applications demanding accurate spatial and spectral parameter estimation from conformal platforms.