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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

915
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
915
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.3K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
2.3K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

10.1K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
10.1K
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

8.2K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
8.2K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

4.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
4.6K
Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction

2.2K
A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic...
2.2K

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Binary charge-transfer complexes using pyromellitic acid dianhydride featuring C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2018
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Crystal structure of 5-[2-(2,4,6-tri-bromo-phen-yl)diazen-yl]tropolone.

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Ethyl (2Z)-3-hy-droxy-3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)prop-2-enoate.

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Electronic influence of β-diketonato-type ligands on the coordination of 1,5-cyclooctadiene to palladium(II) as defined by 'Venus fly trap' geometric parameters.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

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Methyl 2-amino-4,5-di-meth-oxy-benzoate.

Tania N Hill1, Naadiya Patel1

  • 1Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the planar structure of a C10H13NO4 compound. Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds dictate its crystal packing, forming helical chains.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Molecular structure analysis

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in crystal engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and hydrogen bonding of C10H13NO4.
  • To analyze the factors influencing the compound's molecular arrangement.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • Analysis of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Main Results:

  • The C10H13NO4 compound exhibits a nearly planar molecular geometry.
  • An intramolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond and an intramolecular N-H⋯Oester hydrogen bond were identified.

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Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
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Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

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Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
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Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
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  • An intermolecular N-H⋯Ocarbonyl hydrogen bond leads to the formation of helical chains along the b-axis.

    • Conclusions:

    • The observed hydrogen bonding network dictates the supramolecular architecture.
    • The planar nature and hydrogen bonding contribute to the formation of helical chains in the crystal structure.