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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Comparing Iconic Memory in Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Nastaran Ahmadi1, Mohammad Ali Goodarzi2, Habib Hadianfard2

  • 1Psychiatry and Psychology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impaired iconic memory, performing significantly worse than neurotypical children. Their performance improves with increased visual stimulation time.

Keywords:
ADHDAuditory symbolsIconic memoryIconic memory testVisual symbols

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with information processing and memory deficits.
  • While visual memory is studied in ADHD, iconic memory remains less explored.
  • Iconic memory, the brief visual sensory memory, is crucial for initial information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential iconic memory impairments in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare the iconic memory performance of children with ADHD against a control group of neurotypical children.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 6-9 year-old children diagnosed with ADHD (n=30) and a control group without ADHD (n=30) were recruited.
  • Clinical interviews, parent/teacher questionnaires (CSI-4), and an iconic memory task were utilized for diagnosis and assessment.
  • Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyze the iconic memory task data.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower scores on the iconic memory test compared to the control group (P < 0.001).
  • Performance differences were significant at presentation durations of 50 ms and 100 ms (P < 0.001).
  • The performance of children with ADHD improved as presentation duration increased from 50 ms to 300 ms.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit weaker visual and auditory iconic memory performance compared to neurotypical children.
  • Impairments are notable at shorter presentation durations (50-100 ms).
  • Increased stimulation time positively impacts the iconic memory performance in children with ADHD.