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The effect of lifelong exercise dose on cardiovascular function during exercise.
Graeme Carrick-Ranson1, Jeffrey L Hastings, Paul S Bhella
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|January 25, 2014
Summary
Lifelong endurance exercise, especially four or more sessions weekly, significantly boosts maximal oxygen uptake and stroke volume in seniors. However, this consistent training does not improve left ventricular filling, even under load.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Exercise Science
- Gerontology
Background:
- Endurance exercise training enhances maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), cardiac mass, and cardiovascular control.
- The long-term impact of lifelong exercise dose on metabolic and hemodynamic responses during exercise remains understudied in seniors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of lifelong exercise frequency on metabolic and hemodynamic responses during exercise in older adults.
- To determine if consistent, high-dose endurance exercise over a lifetime influences cardiovascular function and oxygen uptake in seniors.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 101 seniors (≥60 years) categorized by lifelong exercise frequency (sedentary, casual, committed, Masters athletes).
- Measured oxygen uptake, cardiac output, stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen difference at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise.
- Assessed left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling via Doppler ultrasound and examined heart rate recovery and body composition.
Main Results:
- Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) increased in a dose-dependent manner with higher exercise frequency.
- Cardiac output and SV were highest in committed exercisers and Masters athletes during maximal exercise.
- Arteriovenous oxygen difference was greater in all trained groups; effective arterial elastance was lower in high-frequency exercisers.
- Left ventricular filling was not enhanced by lifelong exercise frequency under any condition.
Conclusions:
- Consistent lifelong endurance exercise (≥4 sessions/week) significantly improves Vo2max, SV, and heart rate regulation in seniors.
- While SV regulation improves with high-dose lifelong exercise, this benefit is not associated with enhanced left ventricular filling, even during increased cardiac load.
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