Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The History of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026

Same author

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026

Same author

Decompression with or without Duraplasty for Chiari I and Syringomyelia.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Letter to the Editor.

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS·2026

Same author

TeleCritical Care Reimagined: Efficiency Through Digital Communication Application.

Critical care nursing clinics of North America·2026

Same author

Understanding barriers to pediatric hydrocephalus management: an international survey.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Thermal latency studies in opiate-treated mice.

Noam Schildhaus¹, Eliana Trink¹, Chirs Polson¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences

|January 25, 2014

Summary

Standardized tail-flick tests effectively measure opiate analgesia in mice, outperforming Hargreaves testing due to reduced obtunded responses. This method is crucial for assessing drug efficacy in preclinical research.

Keywords:

Analgesia Hargreaves test buprenorphine extended release mouse thermal latency test

More Related Videos

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Administration of Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Administration of Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Animal Models

Background:

Nociceptive activity in animals is measured by changes in reaction time to thermal stimuli.
Tail-flick and Hargreaves tests are non-invasive methods for assessing nociception, useful for screening phenotypes and drug activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of Hargreaves testing for measuring opiate analgesia in mice.
To compare tail-flick testing with Hargreaves testing in mice for assessing analgesic drug activity.

Main Methods:

Mice underwent thermal stimulus studies to test acute and extended release buprenorphine preparations.
A simple restraint system for mice was developed and utilized for tail-flick testing.

Main Results:

Hargreaves testing showed limited value in mice within 1-5 hours post-administration due to obtunded responses to opiates.
Tail-flick studies using restrained mice were not affected by initial locomotor stimulation, providing reliable data.

Conclusions:

Standardized tail-flick testing offers a sensitive and robust method for monitoring opiate activity in mice.
The developed restraint system facilitates the examination of buprenorphine efficacy in different mouse strains.