Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

53
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
53
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

271
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
271
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

382
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
382
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

28
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
28
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

42
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
42
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

26
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
26

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of blood pressure lowering in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2025
Same author

Anti-proteolytic regulation of KRAS by USP9X/NDRG3 in KRAS-driven cancer development.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Xalnesiran with or without an Immunomodulator in Chronic Hepatitis B.

The New England journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Gossypetin Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating COX2 and ROS-JNK Signaling.

Current pharmaceutical biotechnology·2024
Same author

Intensive blood pressure lowering in acute stroke with intracranial stenosis post-thrombectomy: A secondary analysis of the OPTIMAL-BP trial.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2024
Same author

Long-Term Outcome of Rescue Stenting for Acute Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Large Vessel Occlusion in the Anterior Circulation.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

10.7K

Acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Tae Yeob Kim1, Dong Joon Kim2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
|January 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) presents diagnostic challenges due to differing global criteria. New consensus definitions aim to improve comparability and understanding of this critical liver condition.

Keywords:
Acute-on-chronic liver failureLiver cirrhosisLiver failure

More Related Videos

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

12.3K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

10.7K
Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

12.3K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe condition involving rapid liver function decline in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease.
  • Current diagnostic criteria, such as those from APASL and AASLD/EASL, lack global consensus and hinder study comparability.
  • Recent efforts, including the EASL-Chronic Liver Failure Consortium, propose new criteria based on organ failure analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for standardized diagnostic criteria for ACLF.
  • To explore the complexities and uncertainties in defining ACLF, including heterogeneity and precipitating factors.
  • To investigate potential pathophysiological frameworks, like the PIRO concept, for ACLF.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing consensus definitions (APASL, AASLD/EASL).
  • Examination of proposed new diagnostic criteria from the EASL-Chronic Liver Failure Consortium.
  • Exploration of the potential application of the Predisposition, Infection/Inflammation, Response, Organ failure (PIRO) concept.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences exist between APASL and AASLD/EASL definitions, impacting research comparability.
  • New diagnostic criteria are being developed to address these limitations and focus on organ failure.
  • The PIRO concept shows potential utility in categorizing ACLF pathophysiology and clinical presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized ACLF diagnostic criteria are crucial for advancing research and clinical practice.
  • Understanding ACLF pathophysiology, including host response and inflammation, is key to developing targeted therapies.
  • Future research should focus on novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies informed by a clearer understanding of ACLF pathogenesis.