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Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Efficient Method for Imaging Murine Lungs that Preserves Spatial Dynamics of Fungal Spores in the Airways
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[Pulmonary nodules and arachnophobia].

B Colinet1, J-L Dargent2, A Fremault1

  • 1Service de pneumologie, Grand hôpital de Charleroi, 6, rue de la Duchère, 6060 Gilly, Belgique.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|January 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of toxic pulmonary nodules caused by insecticide inhalation resolved after exposure cessation. This highlights the importance of considering environmental factors in diagnosing lung abnormalities.

Keywords:
Exposition professionnelleIatrogenicIatrogéniqueNodule pulmonaireOccupational exposurePulmonary nodulePulmonary toxicityToxicité pulmonaire

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Pulmonary nodules necessitate investigation to rule out neoplastic causes, often requiring invasive procedures.
  • Toxic etiologies for pulmonary nodules are uncommon but warrant consideration.
  • Differential diagnosis for lung nodules includes environmental exposures.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with incidental pulmonary nodules, predominantly in the right lung.
  • Nodules were approximately 1cm, non-cavitating, without calcification, and sometimes haloed.
  • A comprehensive review suggested an inhaled irritant, specifically an insecticide, as the cause.

Findings:

  • Complete resolution of pulmonary nodules occurred after discontinuing insecticide use.
  • Pathological examination revealed bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, non-necrotizing granulomas, and lipid vacuoles.
  • The identified insecticide contained piperonyl butoxide, esbiothrine, and permethrin.

Implications:

  • Environmental exposures, such as insecticide use, can cause significant pulmonary pathology.
  • Considering toxicological assessments is crucial in the workup of unexplained pulmonary nodules.
  • Non-invasive management by removing the irritant led to favorable outcomes, avoiding invasive procedures.