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Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media bacteriology

Alice S Zhao1, Sean Boyle2, Anna Butrymowicz1

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|January 28, 2014
PubMed

Insights

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) significantly reduced Streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatric otitis media (OM) cases. Common bacteria in middle ear infections now include Staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric infection.
  • The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in February 2010.
  • Understanding OM microbiology post-PCV13 is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the microbiology of otitis media (OM) in children after PCV13 introduction.
  • To assess the impact of PCV13 on bacterial isolates in pediatric OM.

Main Methods:

  • Middle ear effusion samples collected from pediatric patients undergoing pressure equalization tube (PET) placement.
  • Aerobic culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing performed on effusion samples.
  • Vaccination records analyzed alongside microbiological data.

Main Results:

  • 39 out of 236 evaluated ears yielded positive cultures.
  • The only Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate was non-vaccine serotype 16 from a PCV7-vaccinated patient.
  • Most common isolates: Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (57%), Haemophilus influenzae (17%), Moraxella catarrhalis (7%).

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study on OM bacteriology in pediatric PET patients post-PCV13.
  • PCV13 appears to have significantly impacted pneumococcal infections in the early post-licensure years.
  • Study limitations include sample size; further research is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccineBacteriologyOtitis media

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