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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
283
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
308
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

1.1K
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.7K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
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Sustained drug delivery in glaucoma.

O'Rese J Knight1, Scott D Lawrence

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|January 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel drug delivery systems offer sustained benefits for glaucoma patients, improving adherence and reducing side effects. These innovative platforms enhance drug efficacy and pave the way for advanced therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Topical glaucoma medications face challenges including poor patient adherence, low drug bioavailability, and potential side effects.
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) management is crucial for preventing glaucoma progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies and clinical trials on novel drug delivery systems for glaucoma.
  • To evaluate the potential of these systems for sustained therapeutic benefits in glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recently published studies and important clinical trials.
  • Evaluation of innovative drug delivery platforms for glaucoma treatment.

Main Results:

  • Novel platforms like nanoparticle formulations, drug-eluting contact lenses, punctum inserts, and bioadhesive matrices can enhance ocular drug delivery.
  • These systems increase drug residence time, improve corneal permeation, and reduce systemic absorption.
  • Periocular injections and implanted drug reservoirs show potential for extended drug delivery durations.

Conclusions:

  • Novel drug delivery systems for glaucoma are evolving, with a focus on incorporating existing drugs into more stable formulations.
  • Further research is needed to confirm clinical efficacy, but these systems promise more targeted therapy.
  • These advancements may facilitate neuroprotective and gene-based therapies for glaucoma.