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An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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HIV Drug Resistance: Problems and Perspectives.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) access has significantly increased globally.
  • ART is effective in viral suppression but threatened by drug resistance.
  • HIV drug resistance poses a serious health risk, especially in low-income settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on HIV drug resistance.
  • To discuss various facets of resistance, including transmitted, acquired, and multi-drug resistance.
  • To examine resistance related to newer drugs, prevention strategies, minority variants, and pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on HIV drug resistance.
  • Synthesis of data on resistance mechanisms and prevalence.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the development of resistance.

Main Results:

  • While ART effectiveness has improved, drug resistance remains a challenge.
  • Specific resistance issues include transmitted/acquired resistance, multi-class resistance, and resistance to newer agents.
  • Minority variants and resistance from prevention strategies (e.g., PrEP, PMTCT) are emerging concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Continued monitoring and research into HIV drug resistance are essential.
  • Strategies to mitigate resistance are critical for long-term ART efficacy.
  • Addressing resistance in diverse clinical and public health contexts is paramount.