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The coevolutionary implications of host tolerance.

Alex Best1, Andy White, Mike Boots

  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom. a.best@shef.ac.uk.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host tolerance, a defense mechanism, does not promote diversity in host-parasite evolution. Instead, it can lead to stable states and highly virulent parasites in susceptible hosts.

Keywords:
Coevolutiondefensegene-for-genehost-pathogenmatching allelestolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Pathogen Dynamics

Background:

  • Host tolerance, distinct from resistance, mitigates disease damage without directly combating pathogens.
  • Evolutionary theory predicts tolerance may lead to fixation rather than diversification, unlike resistance.
  • Limited coevolutionary theory hinders understanding of tolerance's broader ecological and evolutionary implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coevolutionary dynamics between host tolerance and parasite virulence.
  • To analyze tolerance evolution within established host-parasite evolutionary models.
  • To explore the impact of tolerance on host-parasite interactions and population diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the coevolution of host tolerance and parasite virulence.
  • Applying frameworks equivalent to gene-for-gene, matching allele, and evolutionary invasion models.
  • Analyzing outcomes for diversity maintenance (polymorphisms, Red-queen cycles) and population stability.

Main Results:

  • Coevolution of tolerance and virulence does not generate or maintain diversity via polymorphisms or Red-queen cycles.
  • Tolerance can result in multiple stable states, potentially causing abrupt changes in disease impact.
  • Host tolerance may shift interactions towards apparent commensalism but can also select for highly virulent parasites in non-tolerant hosts.

Conclusions:

  • Host tolerance evolution does not drive diversification in host-parasite systems.
  • Tolerance can lead to ecological instability and the emergence of specialized, highly virulent parasites.
  • Understanding tolerance is crucial for predicting disease dynamics and host-pathogen coevolutionary trajectories.