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Updated: May 3, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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How To…:Construct Problem-Solving MCQs.

B Joorabchi1

  • 1Department of Medical Education, and Director, Regional Teacher Training Centre, Eastern Mediterranean Region, WHO, Shiraz University, Iran.

Medical Teacher
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This article provides ten guidelines for creating effective one-from-five multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that assess problem-solving skills. It includes practical examples to illustrate these construction principles.

Area of Science:

  • Educational Measurement
  • Assessment Design

Background:

  • Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in educational assessments.
  • Developing MCQs that effectively measure higher-order thinking skills, such as problem-solving, presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clear framework for constructing "one-from-five" type problem-solving MCQs.
  • To offer practical guidance and examples for educators and test developers.

Main Methods:

  • The article outlines ten specific guidelines for MCQ construction.
  • Illustrative examples of problem-solving MCQs are presented to demonstrate the application of these guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Ten actionable guidelines for developing problem-solving MCQs are detailed.

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  • Examples showcase how to implement these guidelines to create effective assessment items.

    • Conclusions:

    • Adherence to these guidelines can improve the quality and validity of problem-solving MCQs.
    • The "one-from-five" format, when constructed properly, can be a valuable tool for assessing critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.