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WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study: protocol design and implementation.

Gail G Harrison1, Jay D Hirschman, Tameka A Owens

  • 1Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA (GGH); the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA (JDH and TAO); Westat, Rockville, MD (SWM); and Altarum Institute, Ann Arbor, MI (LES).

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The WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study (ITFPS-2) tracks infant feeding habits to assess the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and its impact on early childhood obesity prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health Research
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has undergone significant revisions, including food package updates in 2009.
  • Previous research identified a need for updated information on WIC feeding practices and their impact.
  • The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended research priorities for the WIC program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a nationally representative, longitudinal study of contemporary WIC infant and toddler feeding practices (WIC ITFPS-2).
  • To update earlier feeding studies and gather data on variations in WIC program components.
  • To assess WIC's role in addressing early childhood obesity and evaluate changes post-2009 food package revisions.

Main Methods:

  • Nationally representative sampling of WIC sites across 26 states and 1 territory.
  • Recruitment of approximately 8000 women and infants, with an expected participation of ~4000.
  • Longitudinal data collection through up to 11 interviews per participant (core sample) and cross-sectional analysis (supplemental sample), including 24-hour dietary recalls.

Main Results:

  • The study provides the only current large-sample longitudinal feeding data on a nationally representative sample of low-income infants.
  • Data collection began in July 2013, with rigorous instrument development and interviewer training.
  • Results are intended to inform the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for the 0-24 month age group.

Conclusions:

  • The WIC ITFPS-2 is crucial for understanding current infant and toddler feeding practices within the WIC program.
  • Findings will offer insights into the effectiveness of WIC in promoting healthy eating and preventing childhood obesity.
  • The study's data will be vital for future WIC program evaluations and policy development.